Effectiveness of direct-acting antivirals for chronic hepatitis C treatment in migrant and non-migrant populations in France.

Despite universal health coverage in France, migrants face specific socioeconomic barriers that increase the likelihood of a suboptimal cascade of care for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and impaired treatment effectiveness in this sub-population. We selected data collected from 2012 to 2018 from the ANRS CO22 HEPATHER prospective cohort study for chronic HCV participants with available data on treatment failure (defined as the presence of a detectable HCV-RNA load 12 weeks after their first DAA treatment ended). We performed multivariable Poisson regression models to test whether treatment failure rates differed significantly between HCV-infected migrants and non-migrants receiving DAA in France (cross-sectional analysis), while taking into account the former's world region of birth and other potential social vulnerability factors. Among the study population's 7,879 patients, 5,829 (74%) were non-migrants and 2,050 (26%) migrants. Median [interquartile range] age was 57 [51-65] years, 4433 (56%) were men and 369 (5%) of the entire study population had treatment failure. After multivariable adjustment, only migrants from Central Asia were at higher risk of treatment failure than non-migrants (aIRR = 2.83; 95% CI [1.72, 4.65]). Results from this large-scale study performed in France suggest a higher risk of DAA treatment failure in migrants from Central Asia than in non-migrants and confirm the overall low treatment failure rate in chronic HCV patients treated with DAA (whether migrants or not). Simplified models of care taking into account language and cultural barriers are needed to improve DAA effectiveness in migrants from Central Asia.