Immunostimulatory activity of hydrolyzed and fermented Platycodon grandiflorum extract occurs via the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathway in RAW 264.7 cells.

Taken together, our results imply that fermentation and hydrolysis result in the extraction of more active ingredients of PG. Furthermore, we determined that HFPGE exerts immunostimulatory activity via the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways.