Lifetime blast exposure is not related to cognitive performance or psychiatric symptoms in US military personnel.

Objective: The present study aimed to examine the impact of lifetime blast exposure (LBE) on neuropsychological functioning in service members and veterans (SMVs). Method: Participants were 282 SMVs, with and without history of traumatic brain injury (TBI), who were prospectively enrolled in a Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center (DVBIC)-Traumatic Brain Injury Center of Excellence (TBICoE) Longitudinal TBI Study. A cross-sectional analysis of baseline data was conducted. LBE was based on two factors: Military Occupational Speciality (MOS) and SMV self-report. Participants were divided into three groups based on LBE: Blast Naive ( n  = 61), Blast + Low Risk MOS ( n  = 96), Blast + High Risk MOS ( n  = 125). Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to examine group differences on neurocognitive domains and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Restructured Form. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in attention/working memory, processing speed, executive functioning, and memory ( Fs  < 1.75, ps > .1, η p 2 s < .032) or in General Cognition ( Fs <  0.95, ps > .3, η p 2 s < .008). Prior to correction for covariates, lifetime blast exposure was related to Restructured Clinical ( F (18,542) = 1.77, p = .026, η p 2 = .055), Somatic/Cognitive ( F (10,550) = 1.99, p = .033, η p 2 = .035), and Externalizing Scales ( F (8,552) = 2.17, p = .028, η p 2 = .030); however, these relationships did not remain significant after correction for covariates ( Fs <  1.53, ps > .145, η p 2 s < .032). Conclusions: We did not find evidence of a relationship between LBE and neurocognitive performance or psychiatric symptoms. This stands in contrast to prior studies demonstrating an association between lifetime blast exposure and highly sensitive blood biomarkers and/or neuroimaging. Overall, findings suggest the neuropsychological impact of lifetime blast exposure is minimal in individuals remaining in or recently retired from military service.