The Verticillium dahliae Small Cysteine-Rich Protein VdSCP23 Manipulates Host Immunity.
Jie WangDan WangXiaobin JiJun WangSteven J KlostermanXiao-Feng DaiJie-Yin ChenKrishna V SubbaraoXiaojuan HaoDandan ZhangPublished in: International journal of molecular sciences (2023)
Verticillium wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae is a notorious soil-borne fungal disease and seriously threatens the yield of economic crops worldwide. During host infection, V. dahliae secretes many effectors that manipulate host immunity, among which small cysteine-rich proteins (SCPs) play an important role. However, the exact roles of many SCPs from V. dahliae are unknown and varied. In this study, we show that the small cysteine-rich protein VdSCP23 inhibits cell necrosis in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, as well as the reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst, electrolyte leakage and the expression of defense-related genes. VdSCP23 is mainly localized in the plant cell plasma membrane and nucleus, but its inhibition of immune responses was independent of its nuclear localization. Site-directed mutagenesis and peptide truncation showed that the inhibition function of VdSCP23 was independent of cysteine residues but was dependent on the N -glycosylation sites and the integrity of VdSCP23 protein structure. Deletion of VdSCP23 did not affect the growth and development of mycelia or conidial production in V. dahliae . Unexpectedly, VdSCP23 deletion strains still maintained their virulence for N. benthamiana , Gossypium hirsutum and Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. This study demonstrates an important role for VdSCP23 in the inhibition of plant immune responses; however, it is not required for normal growth or virulence in V. dahliae .
Keyphrases
- immune response
- reactive oxygen species
- arabidopsis thaliana
- escherichia coli
- fluorescent probe
- pseudomonas aeruginosa
- staphylococcus aureus
- living cells
- binding protein
- single cell
- protein protein
- crispr cas
- poor prognosis
- dendritic cells
- amino acid
- stem cells
- antimicrobial resistance
- cystic fibrosis
- toll like receptor
- oxidative stress
- mesenchymal stem cells
- small molecule
- genome wide identification
- single molecule
- long non coding rna