Protocatechuic acid inhibits testicular and epididymal toxicity associated with methotrexate in rats.

We examined the effect of protocatechuic acid (PCA) on methotrexate (MTX)-induced testicular and epididymal toxicity in Wistar rats, treated with MTX (20 mg/kg) alone or in combination with PCA (25 and 50 mg/kg) body weight for a week. PCA significantly abated MTX-mediated increase in reactive oxygen and nitrogen species generation and lipid peroxidation as well as enhances glutathione balance and antioxidant enzymes in the testes and epididymis of treated animals. PCA suppressed MTX-mediated increases in interleukin-1β, tumour necrosis factor alpha and caspase-3 activity in treated animals. Additionally, PCA treatment mediated increases in luteinising and follicle-stimulating hormones, prolactin and testosterone levels with marker enzymes of testicular function, accompanied with increase in sperm functionality in treated animals. Conclusively, PCA may serve as potential supplementation, enhancing reproductive health in males undergoing MTX therapy.