Liposomes Bearing Non-Bilayer Phospholipid Arrangements Induce Specific IgG Anti-Lipid Antibodies by Activating NK1.1 + , CD4 + T Cells in Mice.
Carla Landa-SaldívarAlbany Reséndiz-MoraSandra Sánchez-BarbosaAnahi Sotelo-RodríguezGiovanna Barrera-AveleidaIrene Nevárez-LechugaIván Galarce-SosaKeiko Taniguchi-PoncianoOriana Del Rocío Cruz-GuzmánIsabel Wong-BaezaAlejandro Escobar-GutiérrezIsabel BaezaCarlos Wong-BaezaPublished in: Membranes (2022)
Liposomes are artificial models of cellular membranes that are used as delivery systems for genes, drugs and protein antigens. We have previously used them to study the antigenic properties of their phospholipids. Here, we used them to induce the production of IgG anti-non-bilayer phospholipid arrangements (NPAs) antibodies in mice; these antibodies cause cell lysis and trigger a lupus-like disease in mice. We studied the mechanisms that lead to the production of these antibodies, and provide evidence that NK1.1 + , CD4 + T cells respond to NPA-bearing liposomes and deliver the help required for specific B cell activation and antibody class-switching to IgG. We found increased numbers of IL-4-producing NK1.1 + , CD4 + T cells in the secondary lymphoid organs of mice administered with NPAs, and these cells also expressed CD40L, which is required for B cell activation. Additionally, we isolated and purified NK1.1 + , CD4 + T cells from spleens and determined that they over-expressed 40 genes, which are key players in inflammatory processes and B cell stimulation and have TRAF6 and UNC39B1 as key nodes in their network. These results show that liposomes are membrane models that can be used to analyze the immunogenicity of lipids.
Keyphrases
- nk cells
- drug delivery
- high fat diet induced
- fatty acid
- drug release
- genome wide
- stem cells
- rheumatoid arthritis
- induced apoptosis
- gene expression
- squamous cell carcinoma
- oxidative stress
- radiation therapy
- immune response
- single cell
- mesenchymal stem cells
- small molecule
- bone marrow
- cell death
- transcription factor
- rectal cancer
- binding protein
- protein protein
- genome wide identification
- locally advanced
- pi k akt
- drug induced