Genome mutation after introduction of the gene editing by electroporation of Cas9 protein (GEEP) system in matured oocytes and putative zygotes.

The application of CRISPR/Cas9 strategy promises to rapidly increase the production of genetically engineered animals since it yields stably integrated transgenes. In the present study, we investigated the efficiency of target mutations after electroporation with the CRISPR/Cas9 system using sgRNAs to target the MSTN or FGF10 genes in porcine-matured oocytes and putative zygotes. Effects of pulse number (3-7 pulse repetitions) during electroporation on the embryonic development and mutation efficiency were also investigated. Our results showed that the cleavage rate of matured oocytes with electroporation treatment significantly decreased as compared with electroporated putative zygotes (p < 0.05). Moreover, the rates of blastocyst formation from oocytes/zygotes electroporated with more than 5 pulses decreased. Mutation efficiency was then assessed after sequencing the target sites in individual blastocysts derived from oocytes/zygotes electroporated by 3 and 5 pulses. No bi-allelic mutations in all examined blastocysts were observed in this study. There were no differences in the mutation rates (50-60%) between blastocysts derived from matured oocytes electroporated by 3 and 5 pulses, irrespective of targeting gene. In the targeting MSTN gene, however, the mutation rate (12.5%) of blastocysts derived from putative zygotes electroporated by 3 pulses tended to be lower than that (60%) from 5-pulsed electroporated putative zygotes. These data indicate that the type of eggs may influence not only their development after electroporation treatment but also the mutation rate in the resulting blastocysts.