Biofunctionalized Scaffold in Bone Tissue Repair.
Francesca DiomedeMarco D'AuroraAgnese GugliandoloIlaria MerciaroTiziana OrsiniValentina GattaAdriano PiattelliOriana TrubianiEmanuela MazzonPublished in: International journal of molecular sciences (2018)
Bone tissue engineering is based on bone grafting to repair bone defects. Bone graft substitutes can contribute to the addition of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in order to enhance the rate and the quality of defect regeneration. The stem cell secretome contains many growth factors and chemokines, which could affect cellular characteristics and behavior. Conditioned medium (CM) could be used in tissue regeneration avoiding several problems linked to the direct use of MSCs. In this study, we investigated the effect of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) and their CM on bone regeneration using a commercially available membrane scaffold Evolution (EVO) implanted in rat calvarias. EVO alone or EVO + hPDLSCs with or without CM were implanted in Wistar male rats subjected to calvarial defects. The in vivo results revealed that EVO membrane enriched with hPDLSCs and CM showed a better osteogenic ability to repair the calvarial defect. These results were confirmed by acquired micro-computed tomography (CT) images and the increased osteopontin levels. Moreover, RT-PCR in vitro revealed the upregulation of three genes (Collagen (COL)5A1, COL16A1 and transforming growth factor (TGF)β1) and the down regulation of 26 genes involved in bone regeneration. These results suggest a promising potential application of CM from hPDLSCs and scaffolds for bone defect restoration and in particular for calvarial repair in case of trauma.
Keyphrases
- bone regeneration
- stem cells
- tissue engineering
- mesenchymal stem cells
- transforming growth factor
- computed tomography
- bone mineral density
- epithelial mesenchymal transition
- umbilical cord
- bone marrow
- cell therapy
- oxidative stress
- positron emission tomography
- cell proliferation
- gene expression
- magnetic resonance imaging
- risk assessment
- mental health
- soft tissue
- signaling pathway
- climate change
- wound healing
- poor prognosis
- deep learning
- optical coherence tomography
- convolutional neural network
- genome wide
- dual energy
- high resolution
- atomic force microscopy
- single molecule
- long non coding rna