Diagnostic limitations and challenges in current clinical guidelines and potential application of metagenomic sequencing to manage pulmonary invasive fungal infections in patients with haematological malignancies.

High-quality evidence from robust clinical trials is needed to determine whether guidelines should be updated to include novel diagnostic technologies. Trials should ask whether the combination of powerful novel diagnostics, such as pathogen-agnostic metagenomic sequencing technologies in conjunction with conventional testing can optimize the diagnostic yield for all potential pIFI pathogens that impact the health of patients with HM.