CAR T-Cell Immunotherapy Treating T-ALL: Challenges and Opportunities.
Anqi RenXiqin TongNa XuTongcun ZhangFuling ZhouHaichuan ZhuPublished in: Vaccines (2023)
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), a form of T-cell malignancy, is a typically aggressive hematological malignancy with high rates of disease relapse and a poor prognosis. Current guidelines do not recommend any specific treatments for these patients, and only allogeneic stem cell transplant, which is associated with potential risks and toxicities, is a curative therapy. Recent clinical trials showed that immunotherapies, including monoclonal antibodies, checkpoint inhibitors, and CAR T therapies, are successful in treating hematologic malignancies. CAR T cells, which specifically target the B-cell surface antigen CD19, have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in the treatment of B-cell acute leukemia, and some progress has been made in the treatment of other hematologic malignancies. However, the development of CAR T-cell immunotherapy targeting T-cell malignancies appears more challenging due to the potential risks of fratricide, T-cell aplasia, immunosuppression, and product contamination. In this review, we discuss the current status of and challenges related to CAR T-cell immunotherapy for T-ALL and review potential strategies to overcome these limitations.
Keyphrases
- poor prognosis
- human health
- acute lymphoblastic leukemia
- stem cells
- clinical trial
- long non coding rna
- risk assessment
- cell surface
- end stage renal disease
- current status
- prognostic factors
- chronic kidney disease
- newly diagnosed
- dna damage
- ejection fraction
- climate change
- cell therapy
- low dose
- combination therapy
- acute myeloid leukemia
- peritoneal dialysis
- drinking water
- high dose
- allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
- cell proliferation
- phase ii
- heavy metals
- health risk
- patient reported