The Impact of Transcutaneous Spinal Cord Stimulation on Autonomic Regulation after Spinal Cord Injury: A randomized crossover trial.

Does electrical spinal cord stimulation, at any previously advocated stimulation frequency, improve regulation of the autonomic nervous system for individuals with spinal cord injuries?In this randomized crossover trial, transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation generated tonic, frequency-dependent sympathetic activation below the level of injury, without improved dynamic autonomic regulation.Tonic sympathetic activation below the level of injury could lower the threshold for potentially dangerous autonomic dysreflexia in individuals with spinal cord injury and future work should employ appropriate monitoring.