Homeocurvature adaptation of phospholipids to pressure in deep-sea invertebrates.
Jacob R WinnikoffDaniel MilshteynSasiri J Vargas-UrbanoMiguel A Pedraza-JoyaAaron M ArmandoOswald QuehenbergerAlexander J SodtRichard E GillilanEdward A DennisEdward LymanSteven H D HaddockItay BudinPublished in: Science (New York, N.Y.) (2024)
Hydrostatic pressure increases with depth in the ocean, but little is known about the molecular bases of biological pressure tolerance. We describe a mode of pressure adaptation in comb jellies (ctenophores) that also constrains these animals' depth range. Structural analysis of deep-sea ctenophore lipids shows that they form a nonbilayer phase at pressures under which the phase is not typically stable. Lipidomics and all-atom simulations identified phospholipids with strong negative spontaneous curvature, including plasmalogens, as a hallmark of deep-adapted membranes that causes this phase behavior. Synthesis of plasmalogens enhanced pressure tolerance in Escherichia coli , whereas low-curvature lipids had the opposite effect. Imaging of ctenophore tissues indicated that the disintegration of deep-sea animals when decompressed could be driven by a phase transition in their phospholipid membranes.