Oral Cancer Risk Assessment for Different Types of Smokeless Tobacco Products Sold Worldwide: A Review of Reviews and Meta-analyses.

Alpana K Gupta Mona Kanaan Kamran Siddiqi Dhirendra N Sinha Ravi Mehrotra

Published in: Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) (2022)

Most smokeless tobacco products sold worldwide, mainly shammah, toombak, gutkha, betel quid with tobacco, and dry snuff, are associated with a high risk of oral cancer. A high concentration of tobacco-specific nitrosamines in smokeless tobacco products is the major causative factor for oral cancer development.

Keyphrases

risk assessment
meta analyses
systematic review
randomized controlled trial
heavy metals