The Combination of Electrochemistry and Microfluidic Technology in Drug Metabolism Studies.
Isobel GrintFrancesco CreaRafaela VasiliadouPublished in: ChemistryOpen (2022)
Drugs are metabolized within the liver (pH 7.4) by phase I and phase II metabolism. During the process, reactive metabolites can be formed that react covalently with biomolecules and induce toxicity. Identifying and detecting reactive metabolites is an important part of drug development. Preclinical and clinical investigations are conducted to assess the toxicity and safety of a new drug candidate. Electrochemistry coupled to mass spectrometry is an ideal complementary technique to the current preclinical studies, a pure instrumental approach without any purification steps and tedious protocols. The combination of microfluidics with electrochemistry towards the mimicry of drug metabolism offers portability, low volume of reagents and faster reaction times. This review explores the development of microfluidic electrochemical cells for mimicking drug metabolism.
Keyphrases
- phase ii
- mass spectrometry
- clinical trial
- high throughput
- ms ms
- oxidative stress
- single cell
- adverse drug
- induced apoptosis
- randomized controlled trial
- circulating tumor cells
- gold nanoparticles
- cell therapy
- high resolution
- emergency department
- stem cells
- cell cycle arrest
- ionic liquid
- phase iii
- study protocol
- double blind
- tandem mass spectrometry