Association of Kidney Stones and Recurrent UTIs: the Chicken and Egg Situation. A Systematic Review of Literature.
Francesco RipaAmelia PietropaoloEmanuele MontanariB M Zeeshan HameedVineet GauharBhaskar Kumar SomaniPublished in: Current urology reports (2022)
Our systematic review included 17 papers and a strong association between KSD and rUTI was demonstrated by numerous studies. Surgical clearance of kidney stones usually resulted in the resolution of UTI, but discordant data persist regarding recurrence rates after surgery. In vitro studies might unveil the causative role of bacteria in the formation of "metabolic" stones. Our SR clearly shows that UTI and KSD are mutually coexisting, and reciprocally causal and such patients should be counselled for proactive intervention by stone removal especially when UTIs are recurrent or additional risk factors are present irrespective of stone composition. To prevent further UTI episodes, if possible, a stone culture must be obtained for an effectively targeted antibiotic treatment regime tailored to bacterial prevalence.
Keyphrases
- risk factors
- systematic review
- end stage renal disease
- urinary tract infection
- urinary tract
- chronic kidney disease
- randomized controlled trial
- ejection fraction
- newly diagnosed
- meta analyses
- peritoneal dialysis
- case control
- editorial comment
- prognostic factors
- big data
- cancer therapy
- combination therapy
- machine learning
- single molecule
- free survival