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Assessing the Risk of Occurrence of Bluetongue in Senegal.

Marie Cicille Ba GahnFallou NiakhMamadou CissIsmaila SeckModou Moustapha LoAssane Guèye FallBiram BiteyeMoussa FallMbengué NdiayeAminata BaMomar Talla SeckBaba SallMbargou LoCoumba FayeCécile Squarzoni-DiawAlioune KaYves AmevoinAndrea Apolloni
Published in: Microorganisms (2020)
Bluetongue is a non-contagious viral disease affecting small ruminants and cattle that can cause severe economic losses in the livestock sector. The virus is transmitted by certain species of the genus Culicoides and consequently, understanding their distribution is essential to enable the identification of high-risk transmission areas. In this work we use bioclimatic and environmental variables to predict vector abundance, and estimate spatial variations in the basic reproductive ratio &nbsp;R0. The resulting estimates were combined with livestock mobility and serological data to assess the risk of Bluetongue outbreaks in Senegal. The results show an increasing abundance of C. imicola, C. oxystoma, C. enderleini, and C. miombo from north to south. R0 < 1 for most areas of Senegal, whilst southern (Casamance) and southeastern (Kedougou and part of Tambacounda) agro-pastoral areas have the highest risk of outbreak (R0 = 2.7 and 2.9, respectively). The next higher risk areas are in the Senegal River Valley (R0 = 1.07), and the Atlantic coast zones. Seroprevalence rates, shown by cELISA, weren't positively correlated with outbreak probability. Future works should include follow-up studies of competent vector abundancies and serological surveys based on the results of the risk analysis conducted here to optimize the national epidemiological surveillance system.
Keyphrases
  • public health
  • sars cov
  • risk assessment
  • antibiotic resistance genes
  • early onset
  • cross sectional
  • tertiary care
  • big data
  • life cycle
  • wastewater treatment