ONCOS-102: A Step Forward or Sideways?

Treatment of anti-PD-1 refractory melanoma remains a challenge. Intratumoral injection of ONCOS-102, a chimeric oncolytic adenovirus expressing GM-CSF, into anti-PD-1 resistant melanoma with administration of pembrolizumab was safe and effective. Response to therapy was associated with increased lymphocyte infiltration and expression of cytotoxicity and co-stimulatory genes.