HER2 Heterogeneity in Personalized Therapy of Gastro-Oesophageal Malignancies: An Overview by Different Methodologies.
Antonio IeniRoberta CardiaCristina PizzimentiPio ZeppaGiovanni TuccariPublished in: Journal of personalized medicine (2020)
Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)-expression gastro-oesophageal adenocarcinomas (GEA) gained interest as an important target for therapy with trastuzumab. In the current review, we focused the current knowledge on HER2 status in dysplastic and neoplastic gastric conditions, analyzing the methodological procedures to identify HER2 expression/amplification, as well as the proposed scoring recommendations. One of the most relevant questions to evaluate the useful impact of HER2 status on therapeutic choice in GEAs is represented by the significant heterogeneity of HER2 protein and gene expression that may affect the targeted treatment selection. Future development of biotechnology will continue to evolve in order to offer more powerful detection systems for the assessment of HER2 status. Finally, liquid biopsy as well as mutation/amplification of several additional genes may furnish an early detection of secondary HER2 resistance mechanisms in GEAs with a better monitoring of the treatment response.
Keyphrases
- epidermal growth factor receptor
- gene expression
- poor prognosis
- tyrosine kinase
- advanced non small cell lung cancer
- binding protein
- endothelial cells
- single cell
- label free
- healthcare
- nucleic acid
- dna methylation
- long non coding rna
- bone marrow
- mesenchymal stem cells
- current status
- induced pluripotent stem cells
- combination therapy
- small molecule
- protein protein
- metastatic breast cancer
- bioinformatics analysis
- quantum dots