Preclinical discovery and development of adalimumab for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that is characterized by progressive joint disorders with significant pain and stiffness. In the past, RA was a difficult -to-treat ailment, but nowadays with the advent of biologics and better treatment strategies, disease remission is an achievable goal. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) inhibitors were the first category of biologics to emerge with adalimumab being the first fully human TNFα.Areas covered: the authors provide an overview of the historical events that led to the discovery of TNFα inhibitors and more specifically the drug adalimumab. Several key trials are presented regarding the safety of the drug as well as its successful journey, but there is also a narrative description of the drug's future after patent expiration.Expert opinion: Adalimumab is a fully human TNFα inhibitor with a fairly rapid onset of action. It has a generally good safety and efficacy profile. Clinicians must be aware of the possible side effects and treat them in a timely manner or discontinue the drug where appropriate. Due to the success of the bio-originator adalimumab, a multitude of biosimilars have emerged but not, thus far, for all of the indications of the bio-originator.