HIV Infection, Chromosome Instability, and Micronucleus Formation.
Joel Henrique EllwangerBruna Kulmann-LealMarina ZiliottoJosé Artur Bogo ChiesPublished in: Viruses (2023)
Genome integrity is critical for proper cell functioning, and chromosome instability can lead to age-related diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. Chromosome instability is caused by multiple factors, including replication stress, chromosome missegregation, exposure to pollutants, and viral infections. Although many studies have investigated the effects of environmental or lifestyle genotoxins on chromosomal integrity, information on the effects of viral infections on micronucleus formation and other chromosomal aberrations is still limited. Currently, HIV infection is considered a chronic disease treatable by antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, HIV-infected individuals still face important health problems, such as chronic inflammation and age-related diseases. In this context, this article reviews studies that have evaluated genomic instability using micronucleus assays in the context of HIV infection. In brief, HIV can induce chromosome instability directly through the interaction of HIV proteins with host DNA and indirectly through chronic inflammation or as a result of ART use. Connections between HIV infection, immunosenescence and age-related disease are discussed in this article. The monitoring of HIV-infected individuals should consider the increased risk of chromosome instability, and lifestyle interventions, such as reduced exposure to genotoxins and an antioxidant-rich diet, should be considered. Therapies to reduce chronic inflammation in HIV infection are needed.
Keyphrases
- antiretroviral therapy
- hiv infected
- copy number
- human immunodeficiency virus
- hiv positive
- hiv infected patients
- hiv aids
- oxidative stress
- physical activity
- weight loss
- metabolic syndrome
- sars cov
- cardiovascular disease
- public health
- stem cells
- dna methylation
- papillary thyroid
- randomized controlled trial
- type diabetes
- cell therapy
- hepatitis c virus
- squamous cell carcinoma
- heavy metals
- men who have sex with men
- drug induced
- mesenchymal stem cells
- young adults
- atomic force microscopy
- circulating tumor
- anti inflammatory
- social media