Thermal manipulation of the broilers embryos: expression of muscle markers genes and weights of body and internal organs during embryonic and post-hatch days.

Among the various TM conditions, it seems that,TM1 and TM2 induced a significant increase in BW, carcass and internal weights of hatched chicks near to the marketing age. This increase in BW induced presumably via up-regulation of muscle growth factor genes and muscle growth markers genes during embryonic life (ED 12 to 18) and on post-hatch days. Both protocols (TM1 and TM2) can be used in real-world applications of poultry industry for maximum benefit.