The role of the immunoproteasome in interferon-γ-mediated microglial activation.
Kasey E MoritzNikki M McCormackMahlet B AberaCoralie ViolletYoung J YaugerGauthaman SukumarClifton L DalgardBarrington G BurnettPublished in: Scientific reports (2017)
Microglia regulate the brain microenvironment by sensing damage and neutralizing potentially harmful insults. Disruption of central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis results in transition of microglia to a reactive state characterized by morphological changes and production of cytokines to prevent further damage to CNS tissue. Immunoproteasome levels are elevated in activated microglia in models of stroke, infection and traumatic brain injury, though the exact role of the immunoproteasome in neuropathology remains poorly defined. Using gene expression analysis and native gel electrophoresis we characterize the expression and assembly of the immunoproteasome in microglia following interferon-gamma exposure. Transcriptome analysis suggests that the immunoproteasome regulates multiple features of microglial activation including nitric oxide production and phagocytosis. We show that inhibiting the immunoproteasome attenuates expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and suppresses interferon-gamma-dependent priming of microglia. These results imply that targeting immunoproteasome function following CNS injury may attenuate select microglial activity to improve the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative conditions or the progress of inflammation-mediated secondary injury following neurotrauma.
Keyphrases
- inflammatory response
- neuropathic pain
- lipopolysaccharide induced
- traumatic brain injury
- lps induced
- nitric oxide
- poor prognosis
- oxidative stress
- dendritic cells
- spinal cord
- blood brain barrier
- spinal cord injury
- signaling pathway
- stem cells
- genome wide
- atrial fibrillation
- long non coding rna
- multiple sclerosis
- dna methylation
- binding protein
- gene expression
- dengue virus
- subarachnoid hemorrhage