Corepressor SMRT is required to maintain Hox transcriptional memory during somitogenesis.
Suk-Hyun HongSungsoon FangBenson C LuRussell NofsingerYasuhiko KawakamiGlenda L CastroYunqiang YinChengqi LinRuth T YuMichael DownesJuan Carlos Izpisúa BelmonteAli ShilatifardRonald M EvansPublished in: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (2018)
Nuclear hormone receptors (NRs), such as retinoic acid receptors (RARs), play critical roles in vertebrate development and homeostasis by regulating target gene transcription. Their activity is controlled by ligand-dependent release of corepressors and subsequent recruitment of coactivators, but how these individual receptor modes contribute to development are unknown. Here, we show that mice carrying targeted knockin mutations in the corepressor Silencing Mediator of Retinoid and Thyroid hormone receptor (SMRT) that specifically disable SMRT function in NR signaling (SMRTmRID), display defects in cranial neural crest cell-derived structures and posterior homeotic transformations of axial vertebrae. SMRTmRID embryos show enhanced transcription of RAR targets including Hox loci, resulting in respecification of vertebral identities. Up-regulated histone acetylation and decreased H3K27 methylation are evident in the Hox loci whose somitic expression boundaries are rostrally shifted. Furthermore, enhanced recruitment of super elongation complex is evident in rapidly induced non-Pol II-paused targets in SMRTmRID embryonic stem cells. These results demonstrate that SMRT-dependent repression of RAR is critical to establish and maintain the somitic Hox code and segmental identity during fetal development via epigenetic marking of target loci.
Keyphrases
- genome wide
- dna methylation
- transcription factor
- embryonic stem cells
- gene expression
- poor prognosis
- genome wide association study
- high resolution
- type diabetes
- genome wide association
- adipose tissue
- skeletal muscle
- cancer therapy
- high glucose
- mass spectrometry
- copy number
- oxidative stress
- long non coding rna
- drug induced
- endothelial cells
- postmenopausal women
- drug delivery