Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Vaccine: Current Landscape and Perspectives.
Piero Giuseppe MelianteCarla PetrellaMarco FioreAntonio MinniChristian BarbatoPublished in: Current issues in molecular biology (2023)
The treatment of unresectable or metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) has traditionally relied on chemotherapy or radiotherapy, yielding suboptimal outcomes. The introduction of immunotherapy has significantly improved HNSCC treatment, even if the long-term results cannot be defined as satisfactory. Its mechanism of action aims to counteract the blockade of tumor immune escape. This result can also be obtained by stimulating the immune system with vaccines. This review scope is to comprehensively gather existing evidence and summarize ongoing clinical trials focused on therapeutic vaccines for HNSCC treatment. The current landscape reveals numerous promising drugs in the early stages of experimentation, along with a multitude of trials that have been suspended or abandoned for years. Nonetheless, there are encouraging results and ongoing experiments that instill hope for potential paradigm shifts in HNSCC therapy.
Keyphrases
- clinical trial
- squamous cell carcinoma
- locally advanced
- early stage
- small cell lung cancer
- randomized controlled trial
- type diabetes
- metabolic syndrome
- mesenchymal stem cells
- rectal cancer
- study protocol
- climate change
- cell therapy
- radiation induced
- open label
- combination therapy
- bone marrow
- insulin resistance
- human health
- smoking cessation