Hypocretin/orexin modulates body weight and the metabolism of glucose and insulin.
Ernest A AdeghateMohamed LotfyCrystal D'SouzaSaleh Meqbel AlseiariAbdulla Ali AlsaadiSaif Abdo QahtanPublished in: Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews (2020)
The hypocretin/orexin (Hcrt/orexin) unit affects the functions of the nervous, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and reproductive systems. Hcrt/orexin ligands and receptors have been localized to different parts of the central and peripheral nervous systems, cerebrospinal fluid and blood, exocrine (pancreas, salivary, lacrimal) as well as endocrine (pancreatic islets, pituitary, adrenal) glands. Several factors including stress, glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists, glutamate, nicotine, glucose, and hypoglycaemia stimulate the expression of Hcrt/orexin system, but it is inhibited by ageing, bone morphogenetic protein, hypoxia/hypercapnia, melanocortin receptor accessory protein 2, and glucagon. Literature reports show that Hcrt/orexin can significantly increase insulin secretion from normal and diabetic rat pancreata. Hcrt/orexin decreases blood glucose concentration and reduces insulin resistance partly via increased tissue expression of glucose transporter type 4. It reduces obesity by increasing browning of fat cells and energy expenditure. Taken together, Hcrt/orexin modulates obesity and the metabolism of glucose and insulin. The Hcrt/orexin system may thus be a target in the development of new therapies for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
Keyphrases
- blood glucose
- type diabetes
- insulin resistance
- glycemic control
- metabolic syndrome
- body weight
- poor prognosis
- adipose tissue
- weight loss
- high fat diet induced
- systematic review
- high fat diet
- blood pressure
- emergency department
- small molecule
- polycystic ovary syndrome
- long non coding rna
- oxidative stress
- protein protein
- pi k akt