Intraoperative confocal laser endomicroscopy for real-time in vivo tissue characterization during surgical procedures.

Real-time intraoperative pCLE with near-infrared illumination is feasible and safe, provides additional information in terms of tissue characterization, and, in combination with telepathology, allows interactive collaboration between the surgeon and the pathologist during surgical procedures. Trial registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT02312167.