The Application of Biomaterials in the Treatment of Platinum-Resistant Ovarian Cancer.

More than 70 % of women with ovarian cancer are diagnosed with advanced-stage disease, which is initially treated with cytoreductive surgery, and combination chemotherapy with platinum-based compounds. Most patients initially respond to platinum-based therapy, but eventually up to 80 % of this responsive cohort becomes refractory due to the development of platinum resistance. This review discusses current and potential therapeutic approaches that exploit biomaterial-based applications to combat platinum resistance either by enhancing the delivery of platinum-based drugs or prodrugs, delivering other toxic non-platinum-based bioactive factors (by themselves or in combination with platinum-based drugs) or by delivering other bioactive factors that re-sensitize resistant ovarian cancer cells to these drugs. The types of materials that are used, the bioactive factors applied (i.e., drug or gene delivery), and the specific agents that are employed to target these types of cancer cells are discussed. We conclude that the unique attributes of biomaterial-based applications can be further explored toward overcoming platinum-resistant ovarian cancer as monotherapy, or in combination with other treatment strategies.