Placebo Response Rates in Electrical Nerve Stimulation Trials for Fecal Incontinence and Constipation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Kirin TanCameron I WellsPhil DinningIan P BissettGregory O'Grady

Published in: Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society (2019)

Sham stimulation is associated with clinical and statistically meaningful improvements in symptoms of fecal incontinence and constipation, as well as quality of life scores, highlighting the importance of sham controls in nerve stimulation trials. Noncontrolled studies should be interpreted with caution.

Keyphrases

double blind
irritable bowel syndrome
urinary incontinence
clinical trial
placebo controlled
case control
randomized controlled trial
physical activity