Altered Bioavailability and Pharmacokinetics in Crohn's Disease: Capturing Systems Parameters for PBPK to Assist with Predicting the Fate of Orally Administered Drugs.

There are currently inadequate dedicated clinical or quantitative proteomic studies in CD to enable predictive PBPK models with high confidence and adequate verification. The PBPK models for CD with the available systems parameters were able to capture the major physiological influencers and the gaps to be filled by future research. Quantification of DMETs in the intestine and the liver in CD is warranted, alongside well-defined clinical drug disposition studies with a number of index drugs as biomarkers of changes in DMETs in these patients, to avoid large-scale dedicated studies for every drug to determine the effects of disease on the drug's metabolism and disposition and the consequential safety and therapeutic concerns.