A combined intervention of aerobic exercise and video game in older adults: the efficacy and neural basis on improving mnemonic discrimination.

Despite the non-randomized design (i.e., likely self-selection bias), our results provide new evidence that combined intervention of exercise and cognitive training is more effective than single intervention for older adults. Parallel to animal studies, aerobic exercise and the video game with enriched cognitive stimulation could induce hippocampal plasticity through separately structural and functional pathways.