Specific antibiotics increases the risk of flare-ups in patients with inflammatory bowel disease - results from a Danish nationwide population-based nested case-control study.

We found distinctive antibiotics to be significantly associated with an increased risk of IBD flare-ups. Our findings are corroborated by our GBDT machine learning models. Healthcare providers should be aware about the deleterious potential of specific antibiotic groups in patients with IBD only using these agents in a restrictive manner or preferentially consider alternative antibiotic groups.