Transcriptional Host Responses to Infection with Streptococcus suis in a Porcine Precision-Cut Lung Slice Model: Between-Strain Differences Suggest Association with Virulence Potential.

Streptococcus suis is a porcine and zoonotic pathogen in the upper respiratory tract, expressing different capsular serotypes and virulence-associated factors. Given its genomic and phenotypic diversity, the virulence potential of S. suis cannot be attributed to a single factor. Since strong inflammatory response is a hallmark of S. suis infection, the objective of this study was to investigate the differences in transcriptional host responses to two serotype 2 and one serotype 9 strains. Both serotypes are frequently found in clinical isolates. We infected porcine precision-cut lung slices (PCLSs) with two serotype 2 strains of high (strain S10) and low (strain T15) virulence, and a serotype 9 strain 8067 of moderate virulence. We observed higher expression of inflammation-related genes during early infection with strains T15 and 8067, in contrast to infection with strain 10, whose expression peaked late. In addition, bacterial gene expression from infected PCLSs revealed differences, mainly of metabolism-related and certain virulence-associated bacterial genes amongst these strains. We conclude that the strain- and time-dependent induction of genes involved in innate immune response might reflect clinical outcomes of infection in vivo, implying rapid control of infection with less virulent strains compared to the highly virulent strain S10.