Systematic review found that using thin catheters to deliver surfactant to preterm neonates was associated with reduced bronchopulmonary dysplasia and mechanical ventilation.

Using thin catheters to deliver surfactant in comparison with intubate-surfactant-extubate (INSURE) to newborn preterm infants with respiratory distress was associated with a reduced incidence of BPD and less need for mechanical ventilation.