Depressive symptoms, fruit and vegetables consumption and urinary 3-indoxylsulfate concentration: a nested case-control study in the French Nutrinet-Sante cohort.

Our results confirm that low fruit and vegetables consumption could be associated with recurrent depressive symptoms. We also found an inverse association between fruit and vegetable intake and urinary levels of 3-indoxylsulfate. However, it is not possible to conclude to a possible mediation role of the indole produced by the gut microbiota from tryptophan, since there was no relationship between 3-indoxylsulfate and recurrent depressive symptoms.