Assessment of source material for human intestinal organoid culture for research and clinical use.

TC and SC hIOs were expanded from fresh or frozen biopsies with standard or refined media. The expression of epithelial cells was evaluated via PCR. Growth of TC and SC hIO from healthy donors was reproducible from freshly acquired and frozen biopsies. A refined media including insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 enabled the expression of epithelial cells, including higher expression of goblet cells and enterocytes compared to standard organoid media. We identified a consistent time point where hIOs generated from frozen biopsies reflect similar hIO composition from freshly acquired samples. Feasibility of hIOs as a tool for research and clinical use, including the use of frozen biopsies, was demonstrated.