This study presents new injectable hydrogels based on hyaluronic acid and collagen type II that mimic the polysaccharide-protein structure of natural cartilage. After collagen isolation from chicken sternal cartilage, tyramine-grafted hyaluronic acid and collagen type II (HA-Tyr and COL-II-Tyr) were synthesized. Hybrid hydrogels were prepared with different ratios of HA-Tyr/COL-II-Tyr using horseradish peroxidase and noncytotoxic concentrations of hydrogen peroxide to encapsulate human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hBM-MSCs). The findings showed that a higher HA-Tyr content resulted in a higher storage modulus and a lower hydrogel shrinkage, resulting in hydrogel swelling. Incorporating COL-II-Tyr into HA-Tyr hydrogels induced a more favorable microenvironment for hBM-MSCs chondrogenic differentiation. Compared to HA-Tyr alone, the hybrid HA-Tyr/COL-II-Tyr hydrogel promoted enhanced chondrocyte adhesion, spreading, proliferation, and upregulation of cartilage-related gene expression. These results highlight the promising potential of injectable HA-Tyr/COL-II-Tyr hybrid hydrogels to deliver cells for cartilage regeneration.
Keyphrases
- hyaluronic acid
- tissue engineering
- hydrogen peroxide
- gene expression
- mesenchymal stem cells
- wound healing
- stem cells
- extracellular matrix
- signaling pathway
- endothelial cells
- induced apoptosis
- dna methylation
- nitric oxide
- bone marrow
- cell proliferation
- staphylococcus aureus
- poor prognosis
- cystic fibrosis
- small molecule
- cell therapy
- induced pluripotent stem cells
- protein protein
- climate change
- cell cycle arrest
- pi k akt