Innate immune response in patients with acute Zika virus infection.
Marcelo Henrique Matias da SilvaRaiza Nara Cunha MoisesBrenda Elen Bizerra AlvesHannaly Wana Bezerra PereiraAnne Aline Pereira de PaivaIngryd Câmara MoraisYasmim Mesquita NascimentoJoelma Dantas MonteiroJaneusa Trindade de SoutoManuela Sales Lima NascimentoJosélio Maria Galvão de AraújoPaulo Marcos da Matta GuedesJosé Veríssimo FernandesPublished in: Medical microbiology and immunology (2019)
Innate immunity receptors (Toll-like receptors/TLRs and RIG-like receptors/RLRs) are important for the initial recognition of Zika virus (ZIKV), modulation of protective immune response, and IFN-α and IFN-β production. Immunological mechanisms involved in protection or pathology during ZIKV infection have not yet been determined. In this study, we evaluated the mRNA expression of innate immune receptors (TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, TLR9, melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5/MDA-5, and retinoic acid inducible gene/RIG-1), its adapter molecules (Myeloid Differentiation Primary Response Gene 88/Myd88, Toll/IL-1 Receptor Domain-Containing Adaptor-Inducing IFN-β/TRIF), and cytokines (IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α, IFN-α, IFN-β, and IFN-γ) in the acute phase of patients infected by ZIKV using real-time PCR in peripheral blood. Patients with acute ZIKV infection had high expression of TLR3, IFN-α, IFN-β, and IFN-γ when compared to healthy controls. In addition, there was a positive correlation between TLR3 expression compared to IFN-α and IFN-β. Moreover, viral load is positively correlated with TLR8, RIG-1, MDA-5, IFN-α, and IFN-β. On the other hand, patients infected by ZIKV showed reduced expression of RIG-1, TLR8, Myd88, and TNF-α molecules, which are also involved in antiviral immunity. Similar expressions of TLR7, TLR9, MDA-5, TRIF, IL-6, and IL-12 were observed between the group of patients infected with ZIKV and control subjects. Our results indicate that acute infection (up to 5 days after the onset of symptoms) by ZIKV in patients induces the high mRNA expression of TLR3 correlated to high expression of IFN-γ, IFN-α, and IFN-β, even though the high viral load is correlated to high expression of TLR8, RIG-1, MDA-5, IFN-α, and IFN-β in ZIKV patients.
Keyphrases
- immune response
- zika virus
- toll like receptor
- dendritic cells
- inflammatory response
- end stage renal disease
- ejection fraction
- newly diagnosed
- poor prognosis
- prognostic factors
- chronic kidney disease
- nuclear factor
- dna methylation
- breast cancer cells
- rheumatoid arthritis
- gene expression
- dengue virus
- copy number
- genome wide
- signaling pathway
- long non coding rna
- liver failure
- patient reported