Characterization and Functional Implications of the Nonexpressor of Pathogenesis-Related Genes 1 ( NPR1 ) in Saccharum .

Sugarcane ( Saccharum spp.) is an important sugar and energy crop worldwide. As a core regulator of the salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway, nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related genes 1 ( NPR1 ) plays a significant role in the response of the plant to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, there is currently no report on the NPR1 -like gene family in sugarcane. In this study, a total of 18 NPR1 -like genes were identified in Saccharum spontaneum and classified into three clades (clade I, II, and III). The cis- elements predicted in the promotors revealed that the sugarcane NPR1 -like genes may be involved in various phytohormones and stress responses. RNA sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR analysis demonstrated that NPR1 -like genes were differentially expressed in sugarcane tissues and under Sporisorium scitamineum stress. In addition, a novel ShNPR1 gene from Saccharum spp. hybrid ROC22 was isolated by homologous cloning and validated to be a nuclear-localized clade II member. The ShNPR1 gene was constitutively expressed in all the sugarcane tissues, with the highest expression level in the leaf and the lowest in the bud. The expression level of ShNPR1 was decreased by the plant hormones salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA). Additionally, the transient expression showed that the ShNPR1 gene plays a positive role in Nicotiana benthamiana plants' defense response to Ralstonia solanacearum and Fusarium solani var. coeruleum . This study provided comprehensive information for the NPR1 -like family in sugarcane, which should be helpful for functional characterization of sugarcane NPR1 -like genes in the future.