Systematic scoping review on moral distress among physicians.
Chrystie Wan Ning QuekRyan Rui Song OngRuth Si Man WongSarah Wye Kit ChanAmanda Kay-Lyn ChokGrace Shen ShenAndrea York Tiang TeoAiswarya PandaNeha BurlaYu An WongRyan Choon Hoe CheeCaitlin Yuen Ling LohKun Woo LeeGabrielle Hui Ning TanRyan Emmanuel Jian LeongNatalie Song Yi KohYun Ting OngAnnelissa Mien Chew ChinMin ChiamCrystal LimXuelian Jamie ZhouSimon Yew Kuang OngEng Koon OngLalit Kumar Radha KrishnaPublished in: BMJ open (2022)
Initial reviews suggest that MD involves conflicts within a physician's personal beliefs, values and principles (personal constructs) caused by personal, ethical, moral, contextual, professional and sociocultural factors. How these experiences are processed and reflected on and then integrated into the physician's personal constructs impacts their self-concepts of personhood and identity and can result in MD. The ring theory of personhood facilitates an appreciation of how new experiences create dissonance and resonance within personal constructs. These insights allow the forwarding of a new broader concept of MD and a personalised approach to assessing and treating MD. While further studies are required to test these findings, they offer a personalised means of supporting a physician's MD and preventing burn-out.