Tumor Growth Rate Informs Treatment Efficacy in Metastatic Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: Application of a Growth and Regression Model to Pivotal Trial and Real-World Data.

Growth rates of PDAC can be determined using radiographic tumor measurement and CA 19-9 values. g is inversely associated with OS and can differentiate therapies within the same trial and across trials. g can also be used to characterize changes in the behavior of an individual's PDAC, such as differences in the growth rate of lesions based on metastatic site, and the emergence of chemoresistance. We provide examples of how g can be used to benchmark phase II and III clinical data to a virtual reference arm to inform go/no go decisions and consider novel trial designs to optimize and accelerate drug development.