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A hot-Jupiter progenitor on a super-eccentric retrograde orbit.

Arvind F GuptaSarah C MillhollandHaedam ImJiayin DongJonathan M JacksonIlaria CarleoJessica Libby-RobertsMegan DelamerMark R GiovinazziAndrea S J LinShubham KanodiaXian-Yu WangKeivan G StassunThomas MasseronDiana DragomirSuvrath MahadevanJason WrightJaime A Alvarado-MontesChad F BenderCullen H BlakeDouglas CaldwellCaleb I CañasWilliam D CochranPaul DalbaMark E EverettPipa FernandezEli GolubBruno GuilletSamuel HalversonLeslie HebbJesus HigueraChelsea X HuangJessica KlusmeyerRachel KnightLiouba LerouxSarah E LogsdonMargaret LooseMichael W McElwainAndrew MonsonJoe P NinanGrzegorz NowakEnric PalleYatrik PatelJoshua PepperMichael PrimmJayadev RajagopalPaul RobertsonArpita RoyDonald P SchneiderChristian SchwabHeidi SchweikerLauren SgroMasao ShimizuGeorges SimardGuðmundur StefánssonDaniel J StevensSteven VillanuevaJohn WisniewskiStefan WillCarl Ziegler
Published in: Nature (2024)
Giant exoplanets orbiting close to their host stars are unlikely to have formed in their present configurations 1 . These 'hot Jupiter' planets are instead thought to have migrated inward from beyond the ice line and several viable migration channels have been proposed, including eccentricity excitation through angular-momentum exchange with a third body followed by tidally driven orbital circularization 2,3 . The discovery of the extremely eccentric (e = 0.93) giant exoplanet HD 80606 b (ref.  4 ) provided observational evidence that hot Jupiters may have formed through this high-eccentricity tidal-migration pathway 5 . However, no similar hot-Jupiter progenitors have been found and simulations predict that one factor affecting the efficacy of this mechanism is exoplanet mass, as low-mass planets are more likely to be tidally disrupted during periastron passage 6-8 . Here we present spectroscopic and photometric observations of TIC 241249530 b, a high-mass, transiting warm Jupiter with an extreme orbital eccentricity of e = 0.94. The orbit of TIC 241249530 b is consistent with a history of eccentricity oscillations and a future tidal circularization trajectory. Our analysis of the mass and eccentricity distributions of the transiting-warm-Jupiter population further reveals a correlation between high mass and high eccentricity.
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