Assessment of VEGF and VEGF R1 serum levels in patients with neuroendocrine neoplasms before and after treatment with first-generation somatostatin analogues.

The examined angiogenesis factors (VEGF and VEGF R1) seem to have limited usage in the assessment of SSA treatment effectiveness in NEN. However, the assessment of serum levels of these factors may help in the differentiation of NEN patients and healthy controls; in particular, VEGF R1 seems to be a good diagnostic biomarker for NEN patients.