Minimizing COVID-19 Transmission Cases: Do Policies and Institutions Matter?

This paper examines the effects of institutional factors and government policy responses on COVID-19 infection cases. It applies the Random Effects (RE) and GMM (Generalized Method of Moments) estimation techniques to panel data to explore the relationship between COVID-19 cases on the one hand and institutions and government policy responses on the other. The paper finds that the nature and timing of policy responses matter and that institutions play a crucial role in explaining observed infection cases across countries. The results also indicate that high population density and previous experience with infectious diseases are important factors in explaining infection cases across countries. One of the policy implications of our findings is the importance of timely policy intervention at the national level in reducing infection cases.