Whole Wheat Bread Enriched with Cricket Powder as an Alternative Protein.

The current market trends in modern sedentary lifestyles drive the development of new functional products able to fulfill consumers' demand for a healthy diet. Whole wheat bread contains more protein and fiber than white bread; however, it could be improved in terms of protein content and quality. Cricket powder, which contains high protein (55.11, wt%), could be used as an alternative source to tackle those deficiencies in such bread. Hence, the study aimed to apply cricket powder in the whole wheat bread formula to enrich protein content, indispensable amino acids and determine their physico-chemical properties, consumers' acceptance, and shelf-life storage. The results showed that all enriched bread presented high protein (18.97-25.94, wt%), fat (10.91-15.07, wt%), and ash (2.09-2.33, wt%) with the increment of the cricket powder than those of the control bread. Enriched breads' crust colors were not significantly different ( p > 0.05), while crumb colors were darker (L* = 55.64-64.48) compared to the control (L* = 69.98). Enriched bread had a hard texture and required a lot of chewing force compared to the control. Furthermore, all samples yielded a shelf-life of 5 days when monitoring the mold growth. From the results, the bread enriched with 20% cricket powder yielded the best consumers' acceptance score of 77%. It was predominantly high in indispensable amino acids such as leucine, phenylalanine, lysine, and arginine. Therefore, cricket powder could be a novel alternative protein source and successfully utilized in whole wheat bread to enhance its protein content and indispensable amino acids with consumers' acceptance responding to the current market trend.