Comparison of cotinine levels in the peri-implant sulcular fluid among cigarette and waterpipe smokers, electronic-cigarette users, and nonsmokers.

Fawaz AlqahtaniMana AlqahtaniAhmed Heji AlbaqawiAbdulaziz A Al-KheraifFawad Javed

Published in: Clinical implant dentistry and related research (2019)

Habitual use of nicotinic products enhances the expression of cotinine in the PISF. Cotinine levels in the PISF of cigarette and waterpipe smokers and electronic-cigarette users are comparable.

Keyphrases

smoking cessation
poor prognosis
long non coding rna