Secondary Forehead Lift in Transgender Women.
Lucas Gomes PatrocinioJose Antonio PatrocinioPublished in: Facial plastic surgery : FPS (2023)
Facial feminization surgery includes a series of procedures that aim to attenuate the masculine features of the face and make the face more feminine and harmonic. During the past few years, several feminization techniques have been developed or adapted to this discipline. The current intervention of the forehead for feminization is based on the setback of the anterior wall of the frontal sinus and the remodeling of the supraorbital and glabellar region, associated to brow lift and hairline advancement. Primary forehead feminization yields high patient satisfaction, quality of life, and aesthetic outcomes, with few complications. Despite this, secondary forehead lift in feminization surgery has grown rapidly in recents years due to two main reasons: 1) patients that had their primary forehead surgery five or more years ago kept aging; 2) there was also a great increase in the primary surgeries, which also comes along of increase of unsatisfied patients that want a revision. In the present study, we will present our current approach for secondary forehead lift in transgender women and tips to avoid a revision when performing the primary forehead reconstruction.
Keyphrases
- botulinum toxin
- end stage renal disease
- minimally invasive
- ejection fraction
- newly diagnosed
- coronary artery bypass
- chronic kidney disease
- patient satisfaction
- total knee arthroplasty
- randomized controlled trial
- peritoneal dialysis
- type diabetes
- risk factors
- metabolic syndrome
- skeletal muscle
- coronary artery disease
- acute coronary syndrome
- percutaneous coronary intervention
- hepatitis c virus
- weight loss
- total hip arthroplasty
- breast reconstruction