Costimulatory Molecules OX40 and OX40L Upregulation in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Blood-Based Study.

Aliya Irshad Sani Zila Rubab Shumaila UsmanSyed Zaryab AhmedSadia Arif

Published in: European journal of dentistry (2023)

Based on current study findings, despite OX40 and OX40L upregulation in newly diagnosed OSCC patients, it is speculated that the physiological function of these molecules is altered due to immune system exhaustion.

Keyphrases

newly diagnosed
end stage renal disease
poor prognosis
cell proliferation
low density lipoprotein
ejection fraction
chronic kidney disease
signaling pathway
prognostic factors
patient reported outcomes