Association of Clinical and Neuroanatomical Factors With Response to Ventral Tegmental Area DBS in Chronic Cluster Headache.

VTA DBS showed no serious adverse events, and, although there was no placebo control, was effective in approximately two-thirds of patients at long-term follow up. This study did not reveal any reliable clinical predictors of response. However, non-responders had increased neural density in brain regions linked to processing of pain and autonomic function, both of which are prominent in the pathophysiology of CCH.