Exploration of immunomodulatory and protective effect of Withania somnifera on trace metal oxide (zinc oxide nanoparticles) induced toxicity in Balb/c mice.
Jitendra KumarMurli Dhar MitraAhmad HussainGautam KaulPublished in: Molecular biology reports (2019)
The current study was undertaken to investigate the immunomodulatory and protective effects of Withania somnifera (WS) extract and Withaferin A (WA) supplementation on zinc oxide nanoparticles mediated toxicity in Balb/c mice. The animals were exposed to ZnO NPs along with WS and WA for 28 days and various parameters like body weight, organ coefficient, cytotoxicity, nitric oxide (NO), total serum protein, phagocytosis, and the gene expression levels of TLR6 and ARG genes were determined. In vivo study showed that, dose-dependent reduction in phagocytosis, an increase in the levels of NO production along with up-regulation of TLR6, arginase gene was significant (P < 0.05) when ZnO NPs were given. However toxicity of ZnO NP was reduced in presence of WS and WA with decreased TLR6 over expression and restoration of phagocytic activities. Our results provided a valuable insight into the underlying mechanism for the protective effects of WS. Mechanism of toxicity induced by Zinc oxide nanoparticles ZnO NPs and immunomodulatory protective effects of Withania somnifera extract (WS) and Withaferin A (WA), in Balb/c mice modal of peritoneal macrophages. Red arrows: effect of ZnO NPs independently leads to ROS production which attenuated the phagocytosis of yeast by macrophages through, up-regulation of TLR6 and down-regulation of arginase gene expression. Green arrows: co-treatment, Impact of Withania somnifera extract with zinc oxide nanoparticles (WS + ZnO NPs), Withaferin A along with zinc oxide nanoparticles (WA + ZnO NPs)-enhance phagocytic activity by counteracting mechanism of ZnO NPs toxicity. Black arrows: increasing or decreasing effects. Per oral (P.O).
Keyphrases
- oxide nanoparticles
- room temperature
- quantum dots
- gene expression
- reduced graphene oxide
- toll like receptor
- visible light
- inflammatory response
- immune response
- nitric oxide
- body weight
- oxidative stress
- high fat diet induced
- dna methylation
- light emitting
- genome wide
- cell death
- nuclear factor
- dna damage
- poor prognosis
- binding protein
- metabolic syndrome
- risk assessment
- anti inflammatory
- type diabetes
- ionic liquid
- transcription factor
- long non coding rna
- smoking cessation
- endothelial cells
- cell wall
- replacement therapy