Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structure Enhances Neuroelectrode Charge Transfer Capabilities and Modulates Astrocyte Function.
Adriona KellyNazar FaridKatarzyna KrukiewiczNicole BelisleJohn GroarkeElaine M WatersAlexandre TrotierFathima LaffirMichelle KilcoyneGerard M O'ConnorManus J BiggsPublished in: ACS biomaterials science & engineering (2020)
The brain machine interface (BMI) describes a group of technologies capable of communicating with excitable nervous tissue within the central nervous system (CNS). BMIs have seen major advances in recent years, but these advances have been impeded because of a temporal deterioration in the signal to noise ratio of recording electrodes following insertion into the CNS. This deterioration has been attributed to an intrinsic host tissue response, namely, reactive gliosis, which involves a complex series of immune mediators, resulting in implant encapsulation via the synthesis of pro-inflammatory signaling molecules and the recruitment of glial cells. There is a clinical need to reduce tissue encapsulation in situ and improve long-term neuroelectrode functionality. Physical modification of the electrode surface at the nanoscale could satisfy these requirements by integrating electrochemical and topographical signals to modulate neural cell behavior. In this study, commercially available platinum iridium (Pt/Ir) microelectrode probes were nanotopographically functionalized using femto/picosecond laser processing to generate laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS). Three different topographies and their physical properties were assessed by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The electrochemical properties of these interfaces were investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The in vitro response of mixed cortical cultures (embryonic rat E14/E17) was subsequently assessed by confocal microscopy, ELISA, and multiplex protein array analysis. Overall LIPSS features improved the electrochemical properties of the electrodes, promoted cell alignment, and modulated the expression of multiple ion channels involved in key neuronal functions.
Keyphrases
- atomic force microscopy
- molecularly imprinted
- gold nanoparticles
- electron microscopy
- high speed
- single molecule
- high resolution
- ionic liquid
- single cell
- label free
- mental health
- physical activity
- high throughput
- poor prognosis
- solid state
- cell therapy
- induced apoptosis
- body mass index
- blood brain barrier
- carbon nanotubes
- reduced graphene oxide
- oxidative stress
- magnetic resonance imaging
- solid phase extraction
- cell cycle arrest
- cell proliferation
- binding protein
- stem cells
- protein protein
- mass spectrometry
- resting state
- amino acid
- quantum dots
- cerebrospinal fluid
- deep learning
- cell death